Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka: The Night Before Christmas (1961)

The last Russian fairy tale film we’ll be visiting this year is one of the better (but stranger) films of Aleksandr Rou, the prolific director most closely associated with the genre. Rou’s central achievement in his career was visualizing the more fantastic elements of folklore within natural environments, and with earthy characters and rustic authenticity, notably in his early films Wish Upon a Pike (1938), with its protagonist snagging a wish-granting fish portrayed by a real, smelly-looking pike, and the excellent Vasilisa the Beautiful (1939), which incorporated sets like storybook illustrations, but populated its cast with authentic country types. Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka: The Night Before Christmas (aka The Night Before Christmas, 1961), from Gorky Studios, has nothing to do with Santa or the famous poem – no visions of dancing sugar plums here. It’s based instead on a tale (“Christmas Eve”) found in a collection of connected short stories by the famous Russian author Nikolai Gogol, Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, inspired by Ukrainian folklore. (Gogol also wrote the story “Viy,” which became the 1967 film of the same name, considered to be the first Russian horror movie.) Rou finds a good match with Gogol, as both Gogol’s stories and Rou’s craft explore older traditions and a charmingly narrow view of the world, where a small village can contain a world, and to leave its boundaries is to embark on an epic adventure.

Rou favorite Georgy Millyar as a pig-snouted devil.

The film begins in a most intimidating fashion, introducing – with animated caricatures – a breathless list of twelve different characters (you will meet even more). Most of the cast, however, is inessential, and the plot eventually reveals itself to be a very basic fairy tale. Young Oksana (Lyudmyla Myznikova) is pretty but vain, and torments her suitor, the blacksmith Vakula (Yuri Tavrov), by flirting with other men when all the young folks go out to play and sled in the snow. Though he has been courting her for a while, she says she will only marry him if he brings back the Tsarina’s slippers from St. Petersburg. Meanwhile, a Devil (Georgy Millyar, who frequently cross-dresses as Baba Yaga in Rou’s films), covered in fur and with a monkey’s tail and a pig’s snout, torments the local villagers by stealing the Moon and producing a blizzard. His consort is the local matriarch and secret witch Solokha (Lyudmyla Khityayeva), Vakula’s mother. In an extended bit of mild sex farce, she’s visited over the course of Christmas Eve by a number of different men eager for her affections – beginning with the Devil – and each is compelled to hide in a sack as the next arrives. When Vakula walks in, he sees all the sacks lying about and lifts them over his shoulder to clean the house for Christmas. After an argument with Vakula, he storms out of the village taking only one sack with him – the one containing the Devil. (The others, left behind in the snow, reach their own comic ends.) After a visit with a country sorcerer (Mykola Yakovchenko) who primarily uses his magic to eat dumplings without his hands, Vakula discovers the Devil in his sack, quickly tricks him and places him under his command. On his back he flies to St. Petersburg and into the palace of the Tsar, where he charms the slippers off the Tsarina. Back in the village, rumors are spread that he’s either hanged or drowned himself (no one can decide between the two). Oksana is distraught and remorseful, but when Vakula reappears with the jeweled slippers, she covers them up and tells him that the slippers aren’t important; she’ll marry him.

Russian Christmas carolers.

Some of the sights in Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka include Solokha flying on a broom over the village and collecting the stars by hand, like something out of a Méliès film; the Devil swimming through the sky with a backstroke before burning his hands on the Moon; and Vakula, having bent the Devil to his will, riding on his back to St. Petersburg, his face lit with a blue glow while framed by the night sky, the Devil’s eyes glimmering above his snout. Reverse photography, perhaps the most frequently used tool in Rou’s belt, is deployed to the point of excess: the Devil tumbles down a hill, then back up, then down again; dumplings flying into the sorcerer’s mouth, etc. Presumably this is to keep the children in the audience entertained (Rou’s films became a staple on Russian TV as children’s programming). Notably, there is one brief scene early in the film, a flashback involving Vakula and the Devil, which is fully animated and in the style of a Fleischer cartoon. Neither Father Christmas nor Jack Frost make an appearance, somewhat disappointingly, but there is a fascinating glimpse into a Christmas tradition involving carolers receiving candy, baked goods, and meats in payment for their caroling (my wife, during this scene: “I think that person just got a whole turkey”); it’s trick ‘r’ treating Christmas style. Overall, Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka can be clumsy, goofy, or downright bizarre, but at its best it feels invaluable as a window into 19th century life in the Ukraine, with the religious and supernatural thriving alongside mundane reality and everyday problems of frustrated romance and cheating husbands.

Posted in Theater Fantastique | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka: The Night Before Christmas (1961)

Suspiria (1977)

My memory of first watching Suspiria (1977) is as vivid as the film’s famous colors. It was in a theater in Salt Lake City, proudly subverting the city’s conservative culture with regular midnight movie screenings, The Rocky Horror Picture Show included. Most of what I knew about Suspiria came from a brief description in the Leonard Maltin Movie Guide; I had never seen a film by Dario Argento, and as I took a seat in the mostly-empty theater to watch their latest cult offering I had no idea what to expect. It was an old, scratched-up print, but the sound was cranked all the way up. As Suspiria fans know, this is vital. I was immediately sucked into the plight of American Suzy Bannion (Jessica Harper, Phantom of the Paradise) as she stumbles out of a German airport, past a travel poster advertising the Black Forest with the ominous image of dark trees, and then takes a taxi into a literal Black Forest amidst a downpour and flashes of lightning, all while Goblin’s iconic soundtrack slices like a knife. When the first murder occurs, a series of inexplicable, illogical assaults culminating in a death that might as well be an art installation, I was both shocked (again – I had not seen any Argento before) and oddly exhilarated. The climax, a spine-tingling confrontation with the ageless witch Helena Markos, the Mother of Sighs, had me holding my breath. The film is still potent, but never as much as that first time – I’ve seen the film projected twice since then in different prints, and watched more Argento, more Italian horror and giallo in general, and been exposed to more of Goblin’s prog rock freakouts; and of course the film’s surprises are mostly exhausted. Yet the film’s colors have not faded. Thanks to a new 4K restoration from Synapse Films in collaboration with the film’s director of photography Luciano Tovoli, now available in a limited edition Blu-ray steelbook*, they are as bright and hypnotic as ever.

Precisely composed slaughter.

The restoration is incredibly satisfying to watch, the blues, reds, and greens staining the corridors and dormitories of Freiburg’s Tanz Dance Academy from all angles, reinforcing the dream qualities of Argento’s film. Available in the disc’s audio options, and utilized in theatrical screenings of this restoration, is the original 4.0 surround mix which played in select cities during the film’s initial run; this mix contains subtle but unique differences which one can obsess over just as Beatles fans delve into the differences between Sgt. Pepper stereo and mono. But most viewers will just submit themselves to the aggressive Goblin score, which doesn’t so much immerse you in the film’s world as seize you by the ears and drag you inside. The music ranks among the most memorable soundtracks of all time, so inseparable from the images that I still can’t forget the absurdity of watching live while a Russian synchronized swimming duet performed in the 2012 Olympics to Suspiria‘s main title music. So overwhelming are the film’s aesthetics that it’s often offered as an example of style over substance, the sights and sounds disguising an illogical plot and making more excusable the hammier aspects of 70’s Italian moviemaking, dubbing (by necessity, given the airplanes flying over the studio) and some overacting included. The criticism is both completely valid and largely unimportant. Argento’s exuberant filmmaking, applying meticulous craftsmanship to composition and elaborately choreographed sequences, often dashes headlong into the ridiculous; the fact that his style has become more slack in the past decade-plus only exaggerates his weaknesses. But one of the key elements to Suspiria‘s effectiveness is the screenplay’s co-writer Daria Nicolodi, an actress in films like Argento’s stellar Deep Red (1975) (and the mother of Asia Argento). Nicolodi developed the story, drawing from an anecdote told to her by her grandmother about an acting academy she attended where the teachers were practicing black magic. Taking additional inspiration from Thomas de Quincey’s Suspiria de Profundis and its opium-dream essay “Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow,” Nicolodi guides Argento away from giallo thrillers and into the realms of fever dream and fairy tale. Who cares about logic?

Stefania Casini as Suzy’s roommate Sara.

Beginning with the poster advertising the Black Forest, Argento pushes imagery and themes that reinforce Suspiria as a tale passed down from a grandmother delighting in spooking a child. When dance student Pat (Eva Axén) flees the school late at night, runs through a forest in a storm and takes shelter in a friend’s apartment, note the shot where Argento frames the wallpaper of birds as though they are pursuing her (she flinches in the opposite direction); they become, in the mise en scène, the familiars of a witch on the chase. The school’s corridors lead to doors that are just a bit too tall, the handles raised so that Suzy and her roommate Sara (Stafania Casini, 1900) have to reach to open them, essentially making them children. One important door is above a ramp, distorted like something out of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, and when Suzy finally deciphers the film’s central riddle and learns how to open a secret door into the coven’s domain, the portal is smaller than it should be, Suzy bending down like Alice squeezing into Wonderland. One of the few scenes that is not bathed in impressionistic colors and lighting is the requisite visit to the Experts Who Explain Everything, a daylit, outdoors encounter with two professors (Rudolf Schündler from The Exorcist and ubiquitous cult favorite Udo Kier) who explain the history of witchcraft and a sinister figure known as the Black Queen (which might as well be another Alice in Wonderland reference, if not a nod to the sinister queens in fairy tales). After this stretch of sobriety, we’re plunged right back into the dreamworld of the Tanz Academy and the thrall of Miss Tanner (Alida Valli, The Third Man) and Madame Blanc (Joan Bennett, Father of the Bride).

Pat Hingle (Eva Axén), chased by birds in the wallpaper.

Suzy trips and sways through this world in a state of half-waking: when she’s not drugged at night by a tainted drink, she’s targeted by hexes. As Jessica Harper related during a post-screening Q&A at this year’s Cinepocalypse Festival in Chicago, most of her fellow actors were delivering their lines in Italian, which left her waiting for a pause to act as a cue. But somehow that works for Suzy Bannion. In watching the Blu-ray last night, I was struck by how much the story’s effectiveness depends upon the character’s complete isolation. From her request to the airport’s taxi driver to help her with her luggage (he doesn’t), to the way she’s immediately characterized by Miss Tanner and Madame Blanc as stubborn and strong-willed by asking simple questions or making basic requests about her lodging, or the crude hazing she receives from a fellow student, Olga (Barbara Magnolfi), Suzy is constantly reminded that she is an other in this place. She lucks into an ally with her roommate Sara, the only person curious about Pat’s death, and who also provides helpful clues as to the mysterious nature of the faculty; naturally we become invested in their relationship. Harper is excellent, grounding the action with her alternately skeptical and appropriately baffled performance, and Argento’s camera makes the most of her large, Silent Movie Star eyes, which dart back and forth as she ponders the academy’s mysteries.

Suzy Bannion (Jessica Harper) penetrates the supernatural heart of the Tanz Dance Academy.

But Argento never lets us relax; he frequently throws the viewer off-kilter with images that sting. Like the flash of light – a sinister spell – that blinds Suzy as she walks past the kitchen and a member of the school’s staff; her son, a blond Little Lord Fauntleroy, suddenly grins hideously in that one eerie shot. Or eyes that blaze out from a dark window. Or the unexpected revelation of a room full of barbed wire. The way his camera lingers with fetishism on tableaus both trivial and gruesome lends them occult meaning: the blood on the floor beneath the hanged Pat is splattered into a Rorschach shape that invites interpretation. Before a blind man is attacked by his possessed guide dog, Argento keeps showing us a stone eagle on a rooftop as though it might come to life like in Burn, Witch, Burn (Night of the Eagle, 1962), and then mimics its descent with the sound of flapping wings – what becomes a fake-out, but retains the residue of something supernatural that transpired, an indecipherable but critical element in the spell. Entire murder scenes transpire with disconnected ideas as sharp as broken glass. Suspiria, like a story told by a mischievous grandmother, is all about sensation and fear, not facts. In the finale, why can Suzy be glimpsed smiling as she stumbles away from a building which has just imploded like the House of Usher? For the same reason that we smile after screaming for the duration of a rollercoaster ride.

*Pre-orders went up in August and began shipping late last week. Limited to 6,000 units, the Suspiria steelbook (which also includes a bonus disc of special features, a soundtrack CD, and an “O-card” which slips over the steelbook to present the original theatrical poster) is rapidly selling out as of this writing. However, it’s widely expected that a standard edition will become available from Synapse Films in the near future.

 

Posted in Theater Caligari | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Suspiria (1977)

Tales from the Crypt (1972)

Amicus Productions, the British film company launched by Americans Milton Subotsky and Max Rosenberg, found its niche with the horror anthology: Dr. Terror’s House of Horrors (1964), Torture Garden (1967), The House That Dripped Blood (1970), and Asylum (1972) among them. Subotsky was a professed fan of the classic British anthology Dead of Night (1945), and admired how the film was able to skip from one chilling tale to the next without any story overstaying its welcome. Arguably, the studio’s run in this format reached its apex with Tales from the Crypt (1972), the first of two EC Comics adaptations (the second, Vault of Horror, arrived a year later). Freddie Francis, the Academy Award-winning cinematographer who also directed British horror films (including Hammer’s Paranoiac, Evil of Frankenstein, and Dracula Has Risen from the Grave), had become a reliable staple at Amicus with movies like Dr. Terror’s House of HorrorsThe Skull (1965), and The Deadly Bees (1966), and was the obvious choice for Tales from the Crypt. The cast was filled out with the expected array of British horror stars and recognizable character actors, led by distinguished stage and film actor Sir Ralph Richardson (Dragonslayer) and notably including Joan Collins and the always-reliable Peter Cushing. American International Pictures co-funded and the film was a major hit.

Ralph Richardson as the Crypt Keeper.

The fact that it is a British film set in England provides a slightly unusual take on the uniquely American source material, later realized, with a greater pop culture impact, in a long-running HBO series. EC Comics (the “E” was for “Entertaining”), under publisher William Gaines, became notorious for its publication of boundary-pushing comic books in the late 40’s and early 50’s including Tales from the Crypt, The Vault of Horror, The Haunt of Fear, Shock SuspenStories, and Weird Science. The explicitly gruesome morality plays of its horror titles and other edgy content helped fuel a conservative crusade against comic books, led in part by Fredric Wertham’s diatribe Seduction of the Innocent and a U.S. Congressional inquiry, and with the institution of the Comics Code Authority and its strict standards which held sway over what titles retailers would be willing to carry, Gaines reluctantly folded the majority of his titles, and eventually found a new niche with humor magazines including Mad. But Tales from the Crypt and its ghoulish ilk – each led by a different horror host, the Crypt Keeper, the Vault Keeper, and the Old Witch – held a special place in the heart of comic readers exposed to EC at an impressionable age, and the banned label lent the comics the appeal of forbidden fruit for those who never had the opportunity to discover them in the first place. Therefore Subotsky’s decision to adapt EC for their next anthology was inspired; after all, their earlier horror films, several of which were written by Psycho author Robert Bloch, already had a strong flavor of EC. The transition to a British setting, and the presentation of a very different Crypt Keeper (Richardson in a hooded cloak), only become slightly distracting for EC fans as the macabre, grisly stories themselves take center stage, all based on stories from Tales from the Crypt, The Haunt of Fear and The Vault of Horror.

Joan Collins hides from a psychopath Santa in “…And All Through the House.”

Members of a tour of ancient catacombs find themselves sealed in a subterranean chamber with the Crypt Keeper. He prompts a vision in each of them. For Collins’ Joanne Clayton, it’s the story “…And All Through the House,” based on a Vault of Horror story later adapted by Robert Zemeckis for the first season of the HBO series. Joanne murders her husband on Christmas Eve while her daughter sleeps upstairs. This is realized in the best shot of the film: the gentleman sits down in the living room while “O Come Let Us Adore Him” plays on the radio; he unfolds a newspaper which obscures his face, there’s a heavy crunching noise, and blood suddenly stains the newsprint from the opposite side. The paper drops to reveal Joanne standing above his body and holding a bloodstained poker. She grabs the keys to open the safe and review the life insurance policy. “Mummy! Mummy!” cries her daughter from upstairs. “Mummy will be with you in a moment, darling,” she says, and goes to clean the blood off the poker. Outside lurks a psychopath in a Santa suit – a radio announcement interrupts a stream of Christmas carols to explain that a homicidal maniac has escaped from the local hospital for the criminally insane. And so, while Joanne tries to clean up the murder scene and take care of her daughter – too anxious to sleep with Christmas just a few hours away – she also finds herself fending off a home invasion from the deranged Santa. It’s a classic horror story that’s presented well here, right down to its nasty twist ending, though one wonders why someone as ruthless as Collins’ character doesn’t take advantage of the situation and at least attempt to make the murder scene look like the maniac’s work; instead, she determinedly keeps cleaning up while the man is at her door…

Zombie Peter Cushing in “Poetic Justice.”

More Crypt Keeper-fueled visions haunt his trapped guests. The weakest is “Reflection of Death,” with a cheating husband (Ian Hendry, Repulsion) getting into a car accident with his mistress; the film switches into first-person as he stumbles back to his home, wondering why everyone reacts with terror when they see him – until he catches his own horrifying reflection. This twist is followed quickly by another, though it only escalates the simple story into absurdity. Much better is “Poetic Justice,” featuring a memorable performance by Cushing as a gentle old man, Arthur Grimsdyke, living with a number of dogs and a favorite of the local children. The downright evil father-and-son neighbors stage an elaborate campaign to expel this lower-class man from their neighborhood, including having his dogs rounded up and removed and spreading rumors to make sure parents never let their kids near him again. The final straw is a series of nasty forged Valentines telling Grimsdyke how much he’s hated (in rhyme), and he’s compelled to hang himself. But he returns to exact his revenge. “Wish You Were Here,” starring Richard Greene (The Hound of the Baskervilles) and Barbara Murray, twists the old “Monkey’s Paw” story by self-consciously referencing it, then watching as the knowing characters humorously fall straight into the same old trap anyway. In the last segment, “Blind Alleys,” we visit a home for the blind run like a gulag by the heartless Major William Rogers (Nigel Patrick, The League of Gentlemen). His insensitivity to the needs of his residents leads to clashes with the grim-faced George Carter (Patrick Magee, A Clockwork Orange). Finally Carter and his fellows imprison Rogers and force him to squeeze through a tight corridor lined with razor blades while pursued by his own dog, driven to the brink of starvation and hungry for his flesh.

Major Rogers (Nigel Patrick) endures a razor blade-lined corridor in “Blind Alleys.”

It says something for Tales from the Crypt that its first and last stories are likely to stick with you for a very long time. The slowburning “Blind Alleys” in particular is a triumph of this kind of storytelling, building anticipation for its central villain to get his comeuppance while making it perfectly clear, through Magee’s perfect casting, that his opponent will go to any lengths to teach him a lesson. Though considerably less serious, “…And All Through the House” is holiday horror at its finest, subverting Santa Claus mythology more than a decade ahead of Silent Night, Deadly Night (1984). The ultimate fate of the Crypt Keeper’s guests is obvious from the start, but that hardly matters; the kitsch ending simply drives home that the murder and mayhem have all been in good fun. Vault of Horror (1973), directed by Roy Ward Baker (Quatermass and the Pit), would be not just a sequel but a virtual clone, with another cast of British character actors (including Tom Baker and Denholm Elliott) trapped in another room recounting more EC-inspired stories of their gruesome demises. It’s an enjoyable film, but with a less successful hit-to-miss ratio. Scream Factory appropriately paired the films for its definitive Blu-ray release, thankfully resurrecting the uncut Vault of Horror (a pointlessly censored version had been the more common home video incarnation). The discs are essential for horror anthology fans.

Posted in Theater Caligari | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Tales from the Crypt (1972)